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Denials of rehearing and motions for en banc review from a state intermediate appellate court generally do not catch our attention. But Ganson v. City of Marathon, No. 3D12-777 (Sep. 14, 2016) is the exception to that rule.

This is a long-running regulatory takings dispute between property owners in the Florida Keys — who are making a Lucas claim that the City’s regulations prohibit economically beneficial use of their island — and the appropriately-named City of Marathon (see here and here, for example). 

The majority ruling is just what you’d expect in a disposition such as this: a one word per curiam “Denied,” with 6 judges concurring. The reason we’re posting the ruling, however, is the 3-judge dissent, which starts off like this:

This is a significant regulatory takings case, the holding of which is that a local government can regulate private property to an extent that is…

Continue Reading Wasting* Away Again In Margaritaville: En Banc Denied In Lucas Takings Case, Over Compelling Dissent

Here’s a newly published article from University of Virginia lawprof Maureen Brady, “Property’s Ceiling: State Courts and the Expansion of Takings Clause Property” 102 U. Va. L. Rev. 1167 (2916). We think it is worth your time reading.

What particularly caught our eyes about the article was its focus on municipal “regrade” projects (such as Seattle’s famous “Denny Regrade” (see our recent post on that here), and how they influenced state courts’ development of constitutional property rights.  

Here’s the abstract:

The Federal Constitution and nearly all state constitutions include takings clauses providing that private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. To the extent that scholars have considered the role of state courts with regard to these takings clauses, they have focused around constitutional limits on judicial restrictions of what constitutes property. Little attention has been paid, however, to how…

Continue Reading New Article: “Property’s Ceiling: State Courts and the Expansion of Takings Clause Property”

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Our law partner, Ken Kupchak, a scientist and lawyer, spends a lot of time on the Big Island. Volcano, specifically. So when he recently circulated these photos, taken on a hike-and-bike out to where the lava meets the sea, it reminded us of an article we jointly authored a few years ago about issues of liability in situations like these, the “compensation culture,” and a famous tort decision by the UK’s House of Lords. 

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Our article, “Common Sense and Common Law – Who Does the Balancing of Social Utility?,” framed the issues in light of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park where visitors had (and apparently still have) the ability to simply walk out among the flowing lava:

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park is located on the island of Hawaii, and true to its name, its central attraction is one of the world’s most spectacularly active volcanoes, Kilauea. At…

Continue Reading Visitors At The Volcano: Is The NPS Nuts?

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Come on, you can admit it: reading judicial opinions about grammar rules and legislative history is about as exciting as watching paint dry. Or maybe it is more appropriate in this case to talk about old paint peeling. Because the Oregon Supreme Court’s opinion in Lake Oswego Preservation Society v. City of Lake Oswego, No. S063048 (Aug. 4, 2016) is about historic preservation, and we get grammar lessons and lege history in spades. 

The issue in the case was “If a local historic designation is imposed on a property and that property is then conveyed to another owner, may the successor remove that designation under ORS 197.772(3)?” Slip op. at 117. Short answer: no.

The property in question was a “rare and valuable example of a territorial Oregon residence” and the surrounding parcel, and in the 1980’s the property caught the eye of the local preservationists. The…

Continue Reading Oregon: Owner’s Right To Remove Historic Designation Vanishes When Property Transferred

This just in, in a case we’ve been following closely.

In City of Perris v. Stemper, No. S2133468 (Aug. 15, 2016), the California Supreme Court held that the judge, and not the jury, determines the validity of a dedication which a condemnor asserts it would impose to get the condemned property “for free” if the owner ever asked it to develop the property to its highest and best use. The case involves whether the city can avoid paying just compensation by showing that it would, in the future, exact from the owners the very same property which the city is condemning. The only way the city wouldn’t require dedication of this property is if the owner continued to use it for agricultural purposes. The second issue which the court considered was the “project influence” rule, and whether the city’s dedication requirement must be ignored in determining just compensation.  …

Continue Reading California Supreme Court: In Just Comp Trial, Judge, Not Jury, Determines Reasonable Probability Of Nollan-Dolan Exaction

One for you land users. We’re not going to analyze the Hawaii Intermediate Court of Appeals’ published opinion in Robert D. Ferris Trust v. Planning Comm’n of the County of Kauai, No. CAAP-15-0000581 (Aug. 9, 2016) in too much detail, because our Damon Key colleagues Greg Kugle and Chris Leong represent the prevailing appellant. But here’s a short summary, after which you can read the opinion itself.

The narrow issue in the case involves the definition of the term “applicant” in two different sections in the County’s zoning ordinance. The underlying issue is one that’s hot right now across Hawaii and elsewhere: short-term or transient vacation rentals, defined in the Kauai zoning ordinance as rental for less than 6 months.  

Here, the homeowner had a parcel in an agricultural district, with a single-family residence on the lot. It began renting the home to vacationers in 2003, prior to…

Continue Reading HAWICA Rejects Planning Department’s Formalistic Definition Of “Applicant” In Vacation Rental Case

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We’re experiencing the madness that is the ABA Annual Meeting — this time in San Francisco — hanging with colleagues from the State and Local Government Law Section (where we’re slated to be the Chair-Elect this year), and at the Council of Appellate Lawyers. These meetings are a lot of … meetings .. but there’s also a healthy dose of CLE programming, some of it focused on things like eminent domain and land use, and other topics near and dear. 

Pictured above is our friend and colleague from the Northwest, Jamila Johnson, who gave a spirited defense of the Fifth Amendment and property rights in her session on energy corridors. We were discussing the pros and cons of “quick take” statutes, and to counter the assertion that these things allow for efficient, convenient, and cost-effective government projects, Jamila responded (and we’re recalling this from memory here), “the government has…

Continue Reading Eminent Domain Programming At The ABA Annual Meeting

The issue resolved by the Minnesota Supreme Court in Zweber v. Credit River Township, No. A14-0893 (July 27, 2016) was one that land use lawyers deal with constantly: when an administrative agency is alleged to have violated someone’s constitutional rights, what procedural route must the legal challenge take — is the plaintiff required to go to court via administrative channels, or can she initiate an original jurisdiction (“de novo”) case?

In Zweber, the court came down on the side of original jurisdiction. There, Zweber owned undeveloped land which he wanted to develop, and he submitted a preliminary subdivision plat to divide it up. After a neighbor objected for the usual reasons (traffic), the County approved the plat application. But Zweber didn’t begin development and instead, a couple of years later applied for a new subdivision. “This time, based on the recommendation of the Planning Commission, the County Board denied…

Continue Reading Constitutional Property Claims Are For Courts, Not Agencies

Apparently (if the level of media coverage is any measure), the question of public access to beaches is a big thing in Maine:

This question has also already resulted in a couple of decisions which we’ve covered:

And here’s the latest, an opinion from the Maine Supreme Judicial Court, Cedar Beach/Cedar Island Supporters, Inc. v. Gables Real Estate LLC, No.

Continue Reading Maine Supreme Court Considers Public Prescriptive Easements For Beach Access

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As we noted last week, the expanding costs of the Honolulu Rail project has forced Honolulu’s mayor to ask whether construction should be delayed or stopped entirely, short of its planned terminus at Ala Moana shopping center. “Middle Street” became the new rail watchword, even though stopping it there would omit — temporarily or permanently — the most densely populated, and therefore the most useful, portion of the route. 

Middle Street is somewhat of a nondescript, dare we say it, “blah” street; more of a demarcation between the airport area and the more industrialized Dillingham corridor. A place you generally go by on your way elsewhere, not consider a destination. Frankly, it doesn’t have much of a reputation for anything exciting. In our minds, it is most notable as the border between “town” and “country,” at least psychically. 

  • Civil Beat‘s Chad Blair, however, sees it differently. In a tongue-in-cheek

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Continue Reading Rail: Building To The Nowhere Of Middle?