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Back in December — only a few months ago, yet it seems like another world away — we attended oral arguments in Raleigh in a case we’ve been following for a long time, about North Carolina’s “Map Act.”

This case is the follow up (after remand) of the N.C. Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Kirby v. North Carolina Dep’t of Transportation, No 56PA14-2 (June 10, 2016), in which the court held that the “Map Act,” a statute by which DOT designated vast swaths of property for future highway acquisition, was a taking because the Act prohibited development and use of designated properties in the interim. The court concluded “[t]hese restraints, coupled with their indefinite nature, constitute a taking of plaintiffs’ elemental property rights by eminent domain.” The court remanded the case for a parcel-by-parcel determination of just compensation. Shortly after the decision in Kirby, the North Carolina Legislature …

Continue Reading NC: There Isn’t Just One Way To Value An “Indefinite Negative Easement”

Two more complaints challenging covid shutdown orders as takings (inter alia). Add to the growing list. See here, here, here and here, for other similar complaints.

The first is from California. It asserts that ordering “nonessential” businesses to shut down is a taking. The complaint alleges that unless the shut down is for “(1) destroying a building in front of a fire so as to create a fire break, (2) destroying a diseased animal, (3) rotten fruit or (4) infected trees,” it is a taking. 

The second is from New Jersey. So rather than get into the details, we’re going to send you over to our NJ colleague Tony Della Pelle, who has some thoughts here (“NJ Shutdown Challenge – I Can’t Rent My Beach House!“). 

Will there be more of these? As we have said before, for sure. Fasten your…

Continue Reading Two More Takings Complaints Challenging Shut-Down Orders

That was fast: the very first (as far as we can tell) case challenging the various coronavirus shutdown orders has reached the Supreme Court. See here, here, here and here, for other cases. 

This is the Pennsylvania case we wrote about a couple of weeks ago. The one where where “Friends of Danny Devito” (no, not that Danny Devito) sued the Pennsylvania governor challenging shut down orders under a variety of theories. Including a takings claim, of course. The court rejected the takings claim, mostly relying on Tahoe-Sierra.  

The losing plaintiffs have now asked SCOTUS to stay enforcement while they prepare and file a cert petition. 

Here are the key parts, previewing the takings argument on the merits:

14. A Concurring and Dissenting Opinion written by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania and signed by two other justices expressed…

Continue Reading Tahoe-Sierra “Temporary” Moratoria Takings Front-and-Center Of First Shutdown Case To Reach SCOTUS

The town grabs, then sells property for failure to pay property taxes. The sales price is more than the tax lien. Does the town have an obligation to give the owner the difference, or can it keep it unless the owner sues?

Thanks to a colleague who sent us the case, we know that was the issue facing the New Hampshire Supreme Court in Polonsky v. Town of Bedford, No. 2019-0339 (Apr. 24, 2020). Short story: yes, the town needs to affirmatively give the extra money back, and no, the town can’t keep it unless and until the owner sues to get it. To read the statutory scheme otherwise would result in an unconstitutional taking.

Check it out (quick read, only 13 pages). 

A couple of notes:

  • The owner asserted his rights under part I, article 12 of the New Hampshire Constitution (“no part of a man’s property shall

…
Continue Reading NH: Govt Keeping Excess Proceeds Of Tax Sale Is A Taking

As we understand it, at some of our leading law schools the basic Property course is no longer a required 1L course. It’s an elective. Quelle horreur! 

We think that’s a bad idea. Our Property I course (a 4-credit one-semester monster) is where we learned about things like treasure trove (finders, keepers – losers, weepers), fee tail, and the dreaded Rule Against Perpetuities from the venerable Allan F. Smith. It’s also where we first learned of vested rights and zoning estoppel. Thank you Professor Smith. What a shame it would have been had we not been required to take that course where we learned so much about the vibe of the law (not just property law). 

Hawaii’s vested rights and estoppel rules as developed over the years by the courts are based on constitutional and equitable principles: if someone receives “official assurances” from a government official…

Continue Reading How Property Law Helped To Save Hawaii’s Mother’s Day

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CHALLENGE: find the “damage” on the Loretto building

Here’s the amicus brief filed today by Pacific Legal Foundation that urges the Supreme Court to grant our cert petition in a case that asks:

To constitute a taking under the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments, must a physical invasion also destroy or substantially impair an owner’s economically beneficial uses of property?

Yes, takings mavens, we’re talking Loretto and related. (If you want to see the truly “de minimis” invasion — and no damage — that resulted in Justice Marshall in that case concluding that the Takings Clause imposes a “categorical duty” to provide compensation for physical invasions, check out some recent photos of the Loretto building on Manhattan’s Upper West Side.)

Here’s the amicus brief’s Summary of Argument:

The Fritzes’ petition for a writ of certiorari raises an important question concerning the protections provided by the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment…

Continue Reading New SCOTUS Amicus Brief Highlights Govt’s “Categorical Duty” To Compensate, Even Without Substantial Damage To Remainder

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There’s still time to join us tomorrow, Friday, April 24, 2020 at 2-3pm Eastern Time, they will be presenting “Strategies for Litigating Regulatory Taking Cases” in a webinar produced by ALI-CLE. Register here (multiple attendee discounts available). 

At the recent ALI-CLE Eminent Domain and Land Valuation Litigation Conference in Nashville, our colleagues, New York’s Jon Houghton and Hawaii’s Dave Day presented a very informative program on litigating regulatory takings cases. Jon is a property owner-side lawyer, while Dave is a Deputy Attorney General who represents the State of Hawaii in such cases. So it was a practical and balanced presentation. Jon and Dave are taking it to the next level. This isn’t simply a repeat of their Nashville program, but they will be exploring in more detail the practicalities of building and defending these difficult cases. 

Here’s the description of the program:

The U.S. Constitution provides that…

Continue Reading Still Time To Join Us (Tomorrow): ALI-CLE Webinar – Strategies for Litigating Regulatory Taking Cases

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Lacking things to read during your shut-down? Well, we have the solution: the Fordham Urban Law Journal has devoted an entire issue to Knick and takings ripeness (“Taking Account: Procedure, Substance, and Stare Decisis in the Post-Knick World“). 

Our article “Sublimating Municipal Home Rule and Separation of Powers in Knick v. Township of Scott,” 47 Fordham Urb. L.J. 509  (2020), leads the way (thank you, editors).

Other articles:

…
Continue Reading Takings Nerd Christmas: Fordham Urban Law Journal’s Knick Symposium (feat. “Sublimating Municipal Home Rules and Separation of Power in Knick v. Township of Scott”)

Here’s the latest complaint challenging a governmental business shut-down order. In this case, it is an order by the Michigan governor. We’ve seen similar lawsuits recently (see here, here and here, for example). So far, these complaints have have not met with receptive audiences. This one was tossed aside quickly. This one resulted in an opinion, but also lost.  

But unlike the other complaints, this latest one puts the takings argument front and center and lays out, in great detail, the theory behind the argument. It reads more like a brief (or maybe a press release) than the typical “short and plain statement” complaint. 

Does that mean we think it has any better chance than other efforts? No, for the same reasons that so far, we haven’t seen a takings claim that jumps out to us as one highly likely to get traction. Doesn’t mean the…

Continue Reading A Clean Well-Pleaded Complaint: Latest Takings Challenge To Shut-Down Order

Here’s what we’re reading today. Some related to the lockdown, some not:

Continue Reading Linky Friday: What We’re Reading Today