Regulatory takings

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Starting in January, we’ll be helping our friend and former law partner Mark M. Murakami with the venerated and oh-so-important Land Use course (Law 580) at the University of Hawaii’s Law School.

We’re temporarily stepping into some mighty big slippers (this is Hawaii, so we don’t always wear shoes), as this is the course that our mentor Professor David Callies taught for decades. And is there a better venue in which to teach and study land use law and regulation, and its limits? After all, Hawaii may be the most heavily-regulated land on the planet, and is a focal point for every issue you can think of, from zoning to environmental restrictions to takings to public trust to subdivision to admin law to … well, you get the drift.

We’ll cover those topics, as well as the fundamentals. And we have a few surprises up our sleeves — some impressive…

Continue Reading Hawaii Five-80: More Land Use (Law 580) At The University Of Hawaii

We’ve been eagerly waiting for the new season of the Institute for Justice’s podcast series, “Bound by Oath” to drop. Not only because it’s a great series – produced by John Ross, it is more like an audio documentary than a typical podcast – but also because John was kind enough to ask us to participate again (our last appearance was in Season 1, where we guested on the episode about the origins of the “incorporation” doctrine).

This season is all about property rights, and episode 2 is all about regulatory takings. Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon, and Penn Central Transp. Co. v. New York City, to be exact.

So just over a year ago, John and I headed up to anthracite coal country in Pennsylvania. We wanted to be on site on the exact 100th anniversary of the Supreme Court issuing the Mahon…
Continue Reading “Groping in a Fog” – Bound by Oath Podcast, S3 E2: Regulatory Takings – Penn Coal And Penn Central … Unplugged!

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Here it is — Professor Gideon Kanner’s final law journal article, published shortly before his passing:

Gideon Kanner, Eminent Domain Projects That Didn’t Work Out, 12 Brigham-Kanner Prop. Rts. J. 171 (2023).

Appropriately, we think, published in William and Mary Law School’s Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal, named in part in Gideon’s honor.

This isn’t a typical law journal article, but an essay collecting Professor Kanner’s thoughts, comments, and (best of all) opinions on, well, eminent domain (and redevelopment) projects that didn’t work out.

In Gideon’s own words, from the Introduction:

But whether you favor widespread use of eminent domain or not, and whether the projects created by its use are sound or not, it is deplorable that the power of eminent domain has been often deployed to the detriment of racial and politically powerless minorities. Typically, redevelopment projects tend to displace middle class and poor people from…

Continue Reading Professor Kanner’s Final Article: “Eminent Domain Projects That Didn’t Work Out,” 12 Brigham-Kanner Prop. Rts. J. 171 (2023)

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Aloha, Gideon

This is one of those posts I wish I didn’t have to write.

I’m sad to report that our teacher, mentor, and friend Professor Gideon Kanner passed away on Wednesday, November 22, 2023, in his 93d year.

Appellate advocacy, eminent domain, and land use legend. Holocaust survivor. Prolific author and speaker. Argued Agins v. Tiburon at the Supreme Court. Educated generations of dirt lawyers at Loyola LA Law School. And even more through various professional legal education programs at Practicing Law Institute, American Law Institute-American Bar Association (ALI-ABA), and ALI-CLE, among others. One of the two lawyers for whom the Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Project at William and Mary Law School is named.

A person with sharp moral and intellectual clarity. Someone who never, ever — ever — gave up or gave in. We could go on and on, but we shall keep it short, because his legacy is…

Continue Reading Farewell To A Giant – Gideon Kanner (1930-2023)

Like a lot of us, Ball State University student Keller Mellowitz didn’t care for “remote” or “Zoom” virtual classrooms which were imposed on us in varying degrees during the Co-19 thing.

But he didn’t take it lying down. Believing that remote learning wasn’t what was promised to him in return for his tuition dollars, he sued the University for breach of contract and unjust enrichment. He was fighting the fight for not just himself: he brought the claim as a class action on behalf of his fellow students similarly deprived.

Not to allow that sort of thing, the Indiana legislature adopted a statute — applicable retroactively — that prohibits class actions against “postsecondary educational institutions for contract or unjust enrichment claims to recover losses stemming from COVID-19.” In response, the trial court limited Mellowitz’s claims to those only on his own behalf, and not on behalf of the class…

Continue Reading Indiana: Depriving Litigant Of Ability To Bring Class Action Challenging Co-19 Zoom Classes Isn’t A Taking

Screenshot 2023-11-27 at 08-13-43 Supreme Court of Canada - SCC Case Information - Webcast of the Hearing on 2023-11-16 - 40302
“Good morning, Justices”

You know that from time to time — mostly thanks to our friend and colleague Shane Rayman and his firm — we cover property goings-on north of the border when a good property rights case comes before the Supreme Court of Canada (see here and here for past examples).

Well, here’s another one, this time involving “de facto [or constructive] expropriation” (or, as we call it, “regulatory takings”), where the question before the Court is how compensation is calculated after it was determined that the application of very restrictive zoning to otherwise developable property was is deemed a taking. Must valuation include or exclude the effects of the challenged regulation?

The oral arguments in the case were held last week (click here to watch a recording [English or French, your pick]).

Applying what in Canada is known as the “Pointe Gourde principle” — the…

Continue Reading La Cour suprême du Canada Considering Effect Of “The Scheme” On Takings And Compensation

Pace
22nd annual Alfred B. DelBello Land Use
and Sustainable Development Conference

Come, join us (and others) on Thursday-Friday, December 7-8, 2023, at Pace Law School in White Plains, New York for the Land Use and Sustainable Development Conference (this year’s conference theme is “Balancing Economic Realities with Environmental and Social Concerns”).

We’re speaking about the 100th anniversary of the modern regulatory takings doctrine, which got its start nearly 101 years ago with the Supreme Court’s opinion in Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon, where the Court held that property may be regulated, but if the regulation “goes too far,” it will be deemed a taking.

Here’s a description of the program:

The 100th Anniversary of Pennsylvania Coal vs. Mahon: How the Takings Clause Became the Primary Check on Government Power When SCOTUS Abandoned Review Under the Due Process and Contracts Clauses During the New Deal

The Takings Clause and 100…

Continue Reading Join Us For 100 Years Of Pennsylvania Coal (Pace Land Use Conference, Dec. 8, 2023)

Screenshot 2023-11-24 at 11-46-32 Tyler v. Hennepin County - Harvard Law Review

Check this one out, the Harvard Law Review‘s summary of Tyler v. Hennepin County, the “home equity theft” takings case decided unanimously by the Supreme Court.

Some highlights:

Beginning with traditional principles, Chief Justice Roberts suggested that a property interest in surplus equity had English origins — King John proclaimed in the Magna Carta that when collecting debts owed to him by a deceased person, any surplus “shall be left to the executors.” Parliament endorsed this principle, giving the Crown the power to seize and sell a taxpayer’s property to satisfy a tax debt but requiring the surplus to be returned to the original owner.And according to Blackstone, the English common law required the same.

So too did historic and contemporary American laws.

…

While the Tyler Court continued the trend of a robust Takings Clause, it introduced novel evidence of a taking: a lack of internal consistency…

Continue Reading Harvard Law Review On Tyler v. Hennepin County: Reflecting The “Diminishing” Role Of State Property Law In Takings

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On this day in 1926, the United States Supreme Court issued its landmark opinion in Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co., 272 U.S. 365 (Nov. 22, 1926).

You know this one (shame on you if you don’t!) – it is the case in which the Supreme Court first upheld — against a facial due process challenge — the validity of this thing we call “zoning.” While in the intervening century, zoning has become a catch-all term for regulatory restrictions on the uses of real property, land users know that “zoning” — ackshually — refers only to the regulation and separation of uses, and restrictions on density, and height regulation.

While “Euclid” and “Euclidean zoning” have become part of the land use lexicon and landscape, the decision might have been seen at the time as somewhat surprising. After all, the Supreme Court was in…

Continue Reading (Un)Happy 97th Birthday, Euclid!

Check this out, our law firm colleague Joshua Thompson talks about regulatory takings, and his big Supreme Court victory in Cedar Point Nursery.

If you are reading this blog, you already know what that means. Regulatory takings. Bundle of sticks. Penn Central (bleh), and right to exclude. Here’s the description of the program:

In this thought-provoking episode, Bob Stetson and Joshua Thompson, Director of Equality and Opportunity Litigation at the Pacific Legal Foundation, discuss the landmark case of Cedar Point Nursery vs. Hassid and explore the intricate balance between private property rights and public interests. What constitutes a ‘taking’ and how far government regulations can go in the name of the public good?

Stream it above, or listen on Spotify here.

(Our own thoughts on the Cedar Point case here.)Continue Reading New Podcast: The Cedar Point Takings Case (From The Guy Who Argued Cedar Point)